Recent advances in measurement of metabolic clearance, metabolite profile and reaction phenotyping of low clearance compounds.
Expert Opin Drug Discov
; 18(11): 1209-1219, 2023.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37526497
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION:
Low metabolic clearance is usually a highly desirable property of drug candidates in order to reduce dose and dosing frequency. However, measurement of low clearance can be challenging in drug discovery. A number of new tools have recently been developed to address the gaps in the measurement of intrinsic clearance, identification of metabolites, and reaction phenotyping of low clearance compounds. AREAS COVERED The new methodologies of low clearance measurements are discussed, including the hepatocyte relay, HepatoPac®, HµREL®, and spheroid systems. In addition, metabolite formation rate determination and in vivo allometric scaling approaches are covered as alternative methods for low clearance measurements. With these new methods, measurement of ~ 20-fold lower limit of intrinsic clearance can be achieved. The advantages and limitations of each approach are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Although several novel methods have been developed in recent years to address the challenges of low clearance, these assays tend to be time and labor intensive and costly. Future innovations focusing on developing systems with high enzymatic activities, ultra-sensitive universal quantifiable detectors, and artificial intelligence will further enhance our ability to explore the low clearance space.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Inteligencia Artificial
/
Hepatocitos
Límite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Expert Opin Drug Discov
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos