Risk of subsequent lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) after hospitalization for COVID-19 LRTI and non-COVID-19 LRTI: a retrospective cohort study.
Pneumonia (Nathan)
; 15(1): 15, 2023 Oct 05.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37794443
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, can cause pulmonary structural damage and physiologic impairment, which may increase the risk of subsequent lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Prior hospitalization for any reason is a risk factor for LRTI, but data on the risk of subsequent new-onset LRTI following hospitalization for COVID-19 LRTI or non-COVID-19 LRTI are needed to inform strategies for immunizations targeting respiratory pathogens.METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) among adults hospitalized from 3/1/2020 to 5/31/2022, excluding labor and delivery. We categorized individuals into 3 mutually exclusive baseline exposure groups those hospitalized for COVID-19 LRTI, those hospitalized for non-COVID-19 LRTI, and those hospitalized for all other causes without LRTI or COVID-19 ("non-LRTI"). Following hospital discharge, patients were followed up for new-onset LRTI, beginning 30 antibiotic-free days after hospital discharge until 8/31/2022. We used multivariable cause-specific Cox regression with time-varying covariates to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of new-onset LRTI comparing those hospitalized for COVID-19 LRTI or non-COVID-19 LRTI to those hospitalized for non-LRTI, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics.RESULTS:
The study included 22,417 individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 LRTI, 12,795 individuals hospitalized for non-COVID-19 LRTI, and 176,788 individuals hospitalized for non-LRTI. Individuals hospitalized for non-COVID-19 LRTI were older and had more comorbidities than those hospitalized for COVID-19 LRTI or non-LRTI. Incidence rates per 1,000 person-years (95% CI) of new-onset LRTI were 52.5 (51.4-53.6) among individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 LRTI, 253.5 (243.7-263.6) among those hospitalized for non-COVID-19 LRTI, and 52.5 (51.4-53.6) among those hospitalized for non-LRTI. The adjusted hazard of new-onset LRTI during follow-up was 20% higher among individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 LRTI (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.12-1.28]) and 301% higher among individuals hospitalized for non-COVID-19 LRTI (HR 3.01 [95% CI 2.87-3.15]) compared to those hospitalized for non-LRTI.CONCLUSION:
The risk of new-onset LRTI following hospital discharge was high, particularly among those hospitalized for non-COVID-19 LRTI, but also for COVID-19 LRTI. These data suggest that immunizations targeting respiratory pathogens, including COVID-19, should be considered for adults hospitalized for LRTI prior to hospital discharge.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Pneumonia (Nathan)
Año:
2023
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Estados Unidos