RNA-Sequencing Analysis and Expression of Lymphocyte-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase, Linker for Activation of T Cells, and 70-kDa T-Cell Receptor Zeta-Chain Associated Protein Kinase in Rat Liver Transplant Rejection.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The prevention and treatment of liver transplant rejection remain challenging. We investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms of liver transplant rejection in rats and screened candidate genes to determine their degree of rejection response for possible development of potential therapeutic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brown Norway-Brown Norway transplant tolerant models and Lewis-Brown Norway transplant rejection models were established. We collected liver tissue and venous blood at 7 days posttransplant for hematoxylin and eosin staining and RNA sequencing analysis, respectively. We conducted differential expression gene analysis, KEGG and GO enrichment analysis. We performed immunohistochemistry to detect highly expressed immunerelated proteins, including lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase, linker for activation of T cells, and 70-kDa T-cell receptor zeta-chain-associated protein kinase. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in liver function and Banff scores between rejection and tolerant groups, indicating the successful establishment of liver transplant models. RNA-sequencing screened 7521 differentially expressed genes, with 3355 upregulated and 3058 downregulated. KEGG analysis of upregulated genes showed that 8 of the top 20 enrichment pathways were associated with immune system processes and 5 were related to immune system diseases. Among these immune pathways, 289 genes were upregulated; of these, 147 genes were removed after comparison with the IMMPORT database, of which 97 genes were significantly changed. Our GO analysis showed upregulated genes mainly participating in immune response processes, with downregulated genes mainly participating in metabolic processes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry verified expression of the immune-related proteins, consistent with RNAsequencing results, which were mainly expressed in inflammatory cells in sinus and portal vein. CONCLUSIONS: Immune-related genes were found to be associated with liver transplant rejection. The 3 immune-related genes that we analyzed may play a role in liver transplant rejection and can possibly serve as candidate markers for monitoring the degree of liver transplant rejection.