Educational stereoscopic representation of a step-by-step brain white fiber dissection according to Klingler's method.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Understanding and teaching the three-dimensional architecture of the brain remains difficult because of the intricate arrangement of grey nuclei within white matter tracts. Although cortical area functions have been well studied, educational and three-dimensional descriptions of the organization of deep nuclei and white matter tracts are still missing. OBJECTIVE: We propose herein a detailed step-by-step dissection of the lateral aspect of a left hemisphere using the Klingler method and provide high-quality stereoscopic views with the aim to help teach medical students or surgeons the three-dimensional anatomy of the brain. METHODS: Three left hemispheres were extracted and prepared. Then, according to the Klingler method, dissections were carried out from the lateral aspect. Photographs were taken at each step and were modified to provide stereoscopic three-dimensional views. RESULTS: Gray and white structures were described cortex, claustrum, putamen, pallidum, caudate nucleus, amygdala; U-fibers, external and internal capsules, superior longitudinal fasciculus, frontal aslant fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, corticospinal fasciculus, corona radiata, anterior commissure, and optic radiations. CONCLUSION: This educational stereoscopic presentation of an expert dissection of brain white fibers and basal ganglia would be of value for theoretical or hands-on teaching of brain anatomy; labeling and stereoscopy could, moreover, improve the teaching, understanding, and memorizing of brain anatomy. In addition, this could be also used for the creation of a mental map by neurosurgeons for the preoperative planning of brain tumor surgery.