Multi-omics study on the molecular mechanism of anlotinib in regulating tumor metabolism.

ABSTRACT

Anlotinib, an orally administered small molecule inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), exerts significant anti-angiogenic and vascular normalization effects. However, the mechanisms underlying its involvement in tumor metabolic reprogramming are still unclear. This study aims to investigate the distribution and expression levels of metabolites within tumors after anlotinib treatment using spatial metabolomics analysis. Subsequently, by integrating the transcriptomics and proteomics analyses, we identified that anlotinib treatment primarily modulated four metabolic pathways, including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, steroid synthesis, pentose phosphate pathway, and lipid biosynthesis. This regulation significantly influenced the metabolic levels of compounds such as sulfonic acids, cholesterol, inositol phosphate pyrophosphate, and palmitoyl-CoA in the tumor, thereby impacting tumor initiation and progression. This study provides potential metabolic biomarkers for anlotinib treatment in tumors.