The association between the human papillomavirus (HPV) and the diagnosis of bladder cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide. Not every infection ends as cancer, although the HPV-induced carcinogenesis is a complex process consequence of inflammation. To determine the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and the diagnosis of bladder cancer. METHODS: We carried out a systematic review according to Cochrane and PRISMA recommendations. We searched in EMBASE, Medline (Ovid), and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), from inception to nowadays. We included case-control studies. The risk of bias assessment was performed based on QUADAS2. We performed a random effect Meta-analysis. RESULTS: We included 14 studies in qualitative and quantitative analysis. There was mainly a low risk of bias. We finally found a strong association between the presence of HPV and bladder cancer diagnosis (OR 4.18 95%CI 2.63-6.66; I2 = 40%). CONCLUSIONS: HPV is currently associated with the diagnosis of bladder cancer.