Bio-inspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles usingSalsola imbricataand its application as antibacterial additive in glass ionomer cement.

ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology has gained immense popularity and observed rapid development due to the remarkable physio-chemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and related nanomaterials. The green production of NPs has many benefits over traditional techniques because the current procedures are expensive, time-consuming, and involve harmful substances that limit their applicability. This study aimed to use a novel green source, theSalsola imbricata(SI) plant, which is commonly found in Central Asia and known for its medicinal properties as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of AgNPs. The current study also utilized efficient statistical design, the Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) of Experiment method to synthesize the NPs. The characterization of NPs was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PBD results showed that only two out of four factorsi.e.AgNO3concentration and incubation time, were significant for the synthesis of SI-AgNPs. While remaining factors, incubation temperature and plant extract AgNO3ratio were non-significant. The SEM analysis result showed that SI-AgNPs had a size of 20-50 nm. The SI-AgNPs demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against oral pathogens such asS. mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, with the highest efficacy observed at a concentration of 2 mg ml-1. The addition of SI-AgNPs in glass ionomer cement significantly increased the antibacterial activity of GIC againstS. mutans. Based on the results of the current study, the plant based AgNPs can be further evaluated in detail as alternate antimicrobial agent either alone or in combination with other antimicrobial agents for different dental applications.