Analyzing the Differences in the Degree of Force Application Between Novice and Expert Physiotherapists Using a Muscle Deformation Sensor.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Training physiotherapists require substantial experience and a lengthy period of time to achieve proficiency. However, establishing an objective method for quantifying the degree of force applied during treatment remains elusive, making training difficult. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to clarify the difference in the degree of force application between novice and expert physiotherapists using muscle deformation sensors and to assist in teaching. METHODS: A muscle deformation sensor array was utilized to capture the muscle bulging (muscle deformation), and the degree of force was visualized. The experiment involved two types of physiotherapy upper and lower extremity exercises. Subsequently, the muscle deformation value and standard deviations of the muscle deformation data obtained were compared. RESULTS: Significant differences between novices and experts were observed in forearm muscle deformation values and standard deviations across both types of physiotherapies (p<0.05). Additionally, a distinction was observed in the left lower limb flexor muscles during upper extremity exercise (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this survey showed notable differences in the degree of force application between novices and experts, as demonstrated by our findings. Moreover, these implications extend beyond physiotherapy to sports, hobbies, and the teaching of traditional skills.