Metalloproteins structural and functional insights into immunological patterns.

ABSTRACT

Metalloproteins play a crucial role in regulating different aspects of the immune system in humans. They have various functions in immunity, including recognizing and presenting antigens, aiding in the movement and effectiveness of immune cells, and facilitating interactions between the host and pathogens. Understanding how these proteins work can help us develop new methods to control the immune response in different diseases. Metalloproteins contain metal ions in their structure, which allows them to perform these diverse functions. They encompass a wide range of enzymes, signaling molecules, and structural proteins that utilize metal ions as cofactors for their activities. Examples of metalloproteins include superoxide dismutase, catalase, and metalloproteases, which regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue remodelling processes associated with immune activation. By studying their functions and the effects of their dysfunction, researchers can develop strategies to improve immune function and combat various diseases. This review explores the diverse functions of metalloproteins in immune processes, highlighting their significance in both health and disease.