Human dermal exposure to short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins: Effect of populations, activities, gender, and haze pollution.
J Hazard Mater
; 476: 135169, 2024 Jul 09.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39024769
ABSTRACT
Human dermal exposure to chlorinated paraffins (CPs) has not been well documented. Therefore, hand wipes were collected from four occupational populations to analyze short-chain CPs (SCCPs) and medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) in order to estimate dermal uptake and oral ingestion via hand-to-mouth contact. The total CP levels (∑SCCPs and ∑MCCPs) in wipes ranged from 71.4 to 2310 µg/m2 in security guards, 37.6 to 333 µg/m2 in taxi drivers, 20.8 to 559 µg/m2 in office workers, and 20.9 to 932 µg/m2 in undergraduates, respectively. Security guards exhibited the highest levels of ∑SCCPs among four populations (p < 0.01). In undergraduates engaged in outdoor activities, C13 emerged as the most dominant SCCPs homologue group, followed by C12, C11, and C10. The levels of ∑SCCPs and ∑MCCPs in males in light haze pollution were significantly higher than that in heavy haze pollution (p < 0.05). The median estimated dermal absorption dose of SCCPs and MCCPs via hand was 22.2 and 104 ng (kg of bw)-1 day-1, respectively, approximately 1.5 times the oral ingestion [12.3 and 74.4 ng (kg of bw)-1 day-1], suggesting that hand contact is a significant exposure source to humans.
Texto completo:
1
Colección:
01-internacional
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Hazard Mater
Asunto de la revista:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
China