Contribution of Gestational Weight Gain to Childhood Asthma Phenotypes: A Prospective Cohort Study.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The contribution of prenatal anthropometric measures to the development of specific childhood asthma phenotypes is not known. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate associations between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with allergic and nonallergic asthma phenotypes in childhood. METHODS: Our study population included term, healthy infants in the middle Tennessee region of the United States. Prepregnancy BMI and GWG were ascertained from questionnaires administered during early infancy and categorized based on World Health Organization and Institute of Medicine recommendations, respectively. Allergic asthma was defined as 5-year current asthma and a positive skin test or specific IgE to aeroallergen(s). We used multivariable logistic regression models for asthma and multinomial logistic regression models for nonasthma, allergic asthma, and nonallergic asthma. RESULTS: A total of 1266 children were included. At the 5-year follow-up, 194 (15.3%) had asthma; among them, 102 (52.6%) had allergic asthma. Both inadequate and excessive GWG, compared with adequate GWG, were associated with increased odds of asthma (inadequate adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.98]; excessive aOR 1.70 [95% CI 1.12-2.57]) and increased odds of allergic asthma compared with no asthma (inadequate aOR 3.49 [95% CI 1.66-7.32]; excessive aOR 2.55 [95% CI 1.34-4.85]). Prepregnancy BMI was not associated with asthma nor with asthma phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Both inadequate and excessive GWG were associated with allergic asthma risk. These results support the benefits of optimal GWG during pregnancy on child health outcomes.