Effects of peptides and probiotics supplementation via diet on blood parameters and growth performance of Piaractus brachypomus during the growth-out phase.

ABSTRACT

Background: There is no evidence of peptides-probiotics symbiosis as supplements in aquafeeds. Aim: To evaluate the effect of peptides and probiotics supplementation via diet on blood parameters and growth performance of juvenile Piaractus brachypomus, an Amazonian fish, during the growth-out phase. Methods: 120 juvenile P. brachypomus (242.77 g) were placed into twelve 200-l tanks (10 fish/tank), housed in an indoor open system with constant water renovation (flow rate1.50 l/minute). The experiment used a completely randomized design with a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement [4 doses of supplementation (CD commercial diet; PepD CD+1.50% of peptides per CD weight; ProD CD+40.00 ml of activated probiotics per kg of diet (Lactobacillus spp., Rhodopseudomonas spp., Saccharomycetes spp.); PepProD CD+Pep+Pro); 5 sampling times (zero, second, fourth, sixth, and eighth week); n = 3]. Fish were fed twice a day at a feeding rate of 1% of body weight. At each sampling time, blood was collected and fish were measured for growth performance analysis. Data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results: The values of hematocrit (18.31%), leukocytes (1,216.67 mm3), neutrophils (81.27%), lymphocytes (18.73%), albumin (1.08 g/dl), relative growth rate (1.002%/day), and the Fulton allometric condition factor (2.03) remained constant throughout the experiment (p > 0.05). Plasma glucose decreased for all fish in the second week (59.56 mg/dl); then, that level increased in fish fed with the CD (89.00 mg/dl), while fish fed with PepD, ProD, and PepProD showed constant values (57.22 mg/dl). The plasma protein levels were constant in fish fed with the PepD and PepProD, (p > 0.05), while fish fed with the CD and ProD showed non-constant and higher values. At the end of the trial, fish fed with the PepProD showed the highest weight gain and the lowest feed conversion rate (39.66 g; 0.97). Conclusion: It is possible to maintain the stability of plasma glucose and plasma protein by supplementing diets with peptides, but the peptides-probiotics symbiosis administrated via diet contributes to maintaining the stability of plasma glucose and plasma protein and to improve the growth performance of juvenile P. brachypomus during the growth-out phase.