Characterization of the key aroma compounds in different varieties of hops by application of the Sensomics approach.

ABSTRACT

Aroma is a crucial indicator of hop quality. This study analyzed the differences in aroma compound composition among six hop varieties from three regions North America, Europe, and Asia. Descriptive analysis and sensomic approaches including gas chromatography-olfactometry/aroma extract dilution analysis, odour activity value calculation and aroma recombination were used for the detailed characterization and comparative analysis of hop aroma. A total of 55 aroma-active compounds were identified. Among them, linalool, geraniol, ß-myrcene, 2-undecanone, and methyl decanoate contributed significantly to hop aroma. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed that, except for the SAAZ and XinYuan hops with some similarities in their aroma composition, the remaining hops exhibited unique aroma characteristics. A total of 16 compounds, including methyl 5-methylhexanoate and (E)-ß-farnesene, were identified as differentiating aroma compounds in the six hop samples. This study enriches the knowledge on hop flavour with different origins and provides valuable insights into its application.