Immobilization of cross-linked enzymes aggregates on hierarchical covalent organic frameworks: Highly stable chemoenzymatic nanoreactor for asymmetric synthesis of optically active halohydrins.

ABSTRACT

Organometallic catalyst is extensively applied for the non-enzymatic regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) cofactors, but suffering from the mutual inactivation with the enzymes in one pot. The spatially separated immobilization of organometallic catalyst and enzymes on suitable carriers not only can reduce their mutual inhabitation but also can enhance their reusability. Here in this work, we present a hierarchical porous COFs (HP-TpBpy) that incorporated with [(Cp*RhCl2]2 to generate the metalized COF, Rh-HP-TpBpy. The obtained Rh-HP-TpBpy exhibited superior performance in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) regeneration using formate as the hydride donor, significantly outperforming the natural formate dehydrogenases in cofactor preference toward NADP+. Subsequently, the Lactobacillus fermentum short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 1 (LfSDR1) was then cross-linked into enzyme aggregates (CLEA) and immobilized on hierarchical Rh-HP-TpBpy, achieving the integrated chemoenzymatic catalyst, LfSDR1@Rh-HP-TpBpy, which can catalyze the chemoenzymatic reduction of halogenated aryl ketones and give the corresponding optically active halohydrins with high conversion and enantiomeric excess (ee) value up to 99 %. The LfSDR1@Rh-HP-TpBpy also exhibits largely enhanced stability compared with the free LfSDR1 and the CLEAs-LfSDR1, enabling its excellent reusability.