Direct imaging of molecular transport through skin.

ABSTRACT

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to image spatial variations in the molecular flux of Fe(CN)6(-4) across excised hairless and nude mouse skin. The SECM response is specific to electroactive molecules, allowing selective imaging of the flux of Fe(CN)6(-4) in multicomponent ionic solutions. Quantitative SECM image analysis demonstrated that 40% to 60% of the total Fe(CN)6(-4) flux occurred through appendages in the skin. SECM analysis of skin samples exposed to a known transport enhancer, sodium dodecylsulfate, indicated that the increase in the ion transport rate occurred exclusively in nonporous skin tissue.