[In vitro study with techniques of imaging of the composition of urinary calculi]. / Estudio in vitro mediante técnicas de imagen de la composición de los cálculos urinarios.

ABSTRACT

Pre-treatment knowledge of the lithiasic composition can be useful to design the most appropriate therapeutic scheme for each kind of stone. The relationship between the stone's densitometry information provided by the different imaging techniques, conventional radiology (RX), computerized axial tomography (CAT) and dual energy radiographic densitometry (DO) is analyzed, as well as the elemental composition determined by the microanalysis of fragments obtained post-lithotrity using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM) associated to X-ray dispersion energy (XDE). 60 stones, 12 for each pure composition selected (calcium oxalate mono and dihydro, phosphocarbonate, magnesium ammonium phosphate and uric acid), were studied with XR, CAT and DO and were later subjected to lithofragmentation in vitro. Fragments analysis was carried out post-lithotrity with SEM associated to XDE. The X-ray does not allow to establish the composition of some calculi. CAT quantifies the mineral contents of the oxalocalcic and infective calculi and differentiates the uric acid from the other compositions because the mean density values are under 500 Hounsfield Units. DO evaluates the lithiasic content in phosphocarbonate salts which are structurally similar to bone hydroxyapatite.