CHARACTERIZATION OF CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL VARIABLES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH THE MAIN MATERNAL OUTCOMES IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA DURING TWO YEARS AT THE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF NEIVA. / CARACTERIZACIÓN DE VARIABLES CLÍNICAS, PARACLÍNICAS Y SU ASOCIACIÓN CON LOS PRINCIPALES DESENLACES MATERNOS DE GESTANTES CON PREECLAMPSIA SEVERA DURANTE DOS AÑOS EN EL HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE NEIVA / CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS VARIÁVEIS CLÍNICAS, PARACLÍNICAS E SUAS PARCERIA COM OS PRINCIPAIS RESULTADOS MATERNAIS DE GESTANTES COM PRÉ-ECLÂMPSIA GRAVE HÁ DOIS ANOS NO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE NEIVA

ABSTRACT

Preeclampsia is a disease of pregnancy that manifests after 20 weeks. Its diagnosis is determined by hypertension plus proteinuria, establishing severity with blood pressure ≥ 160/110 mmHg, symptoms and signs of vasospasm or paraclinical alterations. The University Hospital of Neiva is the main reference center in the Colombian South, where preeclampsia is a reason for referral. We don´t have a study that allows us to know the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and their association with the maternal outcomes of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. Methodology: Descriptive observational study of cross-sectional cohort. Characterized clinical and paraclinical variables and their association with the main maternal outcomes. Results: 334 mothers with a singleton pregnancy and severe preeclampsia were included. 77.6% were between 17 and 34 years old, 97.6% in strata 1 and 2, urban origin in 78% and 65.3% multi-pregnant. In addition, 60.8% with obesity. Regarding paraclinical findings, 35.9% with positive proteinuria, 5% thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine (5%), 27% with elevated transaminases and elevated lactic dehydrogenase (3.6%). 55.6% had a preterm pregnancy and 90% of them were terminated by caesarean section. Complications were hypertensive crisis in 59%, acute kidney injury (5%), HELLP syndrome (3.6%), eclampsia (1.2%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (1.2%). Conclusion: A population with socioeconomic vulnerability was evidenced, aged between 17 and 34 years, mainly obese, with late presentation of the disease; highlighting the development of hypertensive crisis, elevation of transaminases and completion route by cesarean section.

RESUMEN

Preeclampsia is a disease of pregnancy that manifests after 20 weeks. Its diagnosis is determined by hypertension plus proteinuria, establishing severity with blood pressure ≥ 160/110 mmHg, symptoms and signs of vasospasm or paraclinical alterations. The University Hospital of Neiva is the main reference center in the Colombian South, where preeclampsia is a reason for referral. We don ́t have a study that allows us to know the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and their association with the maternal outcomes of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. Methodology: Descriptive observational study of cross-sectional cohort. Characterized clinical and paraclinical variables and their association with the main maternal outcomes. Results: 334 mothers with a singleton pregnancy and severe preeclampsia were included. 77.6% were between 17 and 34 years old, 97.6% in strata 1 and 2, urban origin in 78% and 65.3% multi-pregnant. In addition, 60.8% with obesity. Regarding paraclinical findings, 35.9% with positive proteinuria, 5% thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine (5%), 27% with elevated transaminases and elevated lactic dehydrogenase (3.6%). 55.6% had a preterm pregnancy and 90% of them were terminated by caesarean section. Complications were hypertensive crisis in 59%, acute kidney injury (5%), HELLP syndrome (3.6%), eclampsia (1.2%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (1.2%). Conclusion: A population with socioeconomic vulnerability was evidenced, aged between 17 and 34 years, mainly obese, with late presentation of the disease; highlighting the development of hypertensive crisis, elevation of transaminases and completion route by cesarean section.

RESUMO

A pré-eclâmpsia é uma doença relacionada à gravidez que se manifesta após 20 semanas. Seu diagnóstico é determinado pela hipertensão arterial associada à proteinúria, estabelecendo-se gravidade com níveis pressóricos ≥ 160/110 mmHg, sintomas e sinais de vasoespasmo ou alterações paraclínicas. O Hospital Universitário de Neiva é o principal centro de referência da região, onde a pré-eclâmpsia é um importante motivo de remissão. Não dispomos de um estudo que nos permita conhecer as características clínicas e paraclínicas e sua associação com a evolução materna de gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia grave. Metodologia: Estudo observacional descritivo de coorte transversal. Caracterizou variáveis clínicas e paraclínicas e sua associação com desfechos maternos importantes. Resultados: Foram incluídas 334 mães com gestação única e pré-eclâmpsia grave. 77,6% tinham entre 17 e 34 anos, 97,6% pertenciam aos estratos 1 e 2, 78% eram urbanas e 65,3% eram multigestantes. Além disso, 60,8% eram obesos. Achados paraclínicos 35,9% com proteinúria positiva, 5% plaquetopenia, creatinina sérica elevada (5%), 27% com transaminases elevadas e desidrogenase lática elevada (3,6%). 55,6% tiveram gestações pré-termo e 90% delas foram interrompidas por cesariana. As complicações incluíram crise hipertensiva em 59%, lesão renal aguda (5%), síndrome HELLP (3,6%), eclâmpsia (1,2%) e coagulação intravascular disseminada (1,2%). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se uma população com vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, com idade entre 17 e 34 anos, principalmente obesos, com apresentação tardia da doença; O desenvolvimento de crise hipertensiva, elevação das transaminases e via de término foi por cesariana.