Evaluation of Isolation and Identification Methods of Exosomes from Different Biofluids / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

ABSTRACT

Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, and they act as carriers for material transfer and information exchange between cells. Exosomes exist in many different biofluids and have good application prospects in disease diagnosis and drug delivery. Due to the nanoscale size and heterogeneity of exosomes, as well as the complex composition of biofluids, the separation of exosomes from biofluids is particularly difficult. At present, there are six commonly used methods for isolating exosomes from biofluids ultracentrifugation, precipitation, size exclusion chromatography, density gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration and immuno-affinity membrane. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is difficult to separate and obtain high-quality exosomes when used alone. There are also differences in the selection of methods for separating exosomes from different biofluids. With the continuous emergence of some new technologies such as microfluidic technology and the continuous improvement of classical methods, the exosome separation technology is improved, which is beneficial to the application of exosomes in clinical and scientific research. This review compares and evaluates the isolation and identification methods of exosomes from different biofluid sources, summarizes the selection and differences of exosome isolation methods from different biofluid sources, and provides a reference for subsequent research on exosomes from biofluids.