ABG, arterial blood gas; AT2, alveolar type II; AV, arteriovenous; CBDL, common bile duct ligation; ET-1, endothelin-1; ETB, endothelin receptor B; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; HPS, hepatopulmonary syndrome; IPVDs, intrapulmonary vascular dilatations; LT, liver transplantation; MELD exceptions; NO, nitric oxide; P(A-a)O2, alveolar-arterial oxygenation gradient; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PIGF, placental growth factor; PVL, portal vein ligation; PaO2, partial pressure of arterial oxygen; SE, standard exception; SP, surfactant protein; SaO2, oxygen saturation; TAA, thio-acetamide; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha; Tc-MAA, 99mTechnetium-labeled macroaggregated albumin; UNOS, United Network for Organ Sharing; V/Q, ventilation-perfusion; VCAM1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; cirrhosis; portal hypertension; vWF, von Willebrand factor