Relationship between hemodynamic type and syncopal symptoms in pediatric vasovagal syncope.

ABSTRACT

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a clinically common neurally mediated syncope. The relationship between different hemodynamic types of VVS and clinical syncopal symptoms has not been reported. The purpose of this research is to explore relationship between hemodynamic types and syncopal symptoms in pediatric VVS. Two thousand five hundred thirteen patients diagnosed with VVS at the age of 3-18 years, average age was 11.76 ± 2.83 years, including 1124 males and 1389 females, due to unexplained syncope and pre-syncope from single-center of January 2001 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of syncopal symptoms syncope group (1262 cases) and pre-syncope group (1251 cases). (1) Baseline characteristics age, height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased in the syncope group compared with the pre-syncope group; the composition ratio of females was more than that of males in the syncope group; and the composition ratio of VVS-cardioinhibited (VVS-CI) and VVS-mixed (VVS-M) was more in the syncope group than that of the pre-syncope group (all P < 0.05). (2) Univariate analysis: age, height, weight, SBP, DBP, female, VVS-CI, and VVS-M were potential risk factors for the presence of syncopal symptoms (all P < 0.05). (3) Multivariate analysis: VVS-CI and VVS-M were independent risk factors for the presence of syncopal symptoms, with an increased probability of 203% and 175%, respectively, compared to VVS-vasoinhibited (VVS-VI) (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The hemodynamic type of pediatric VVS is closely related to the syncopal symptoms. WHAT IS KNOWN • There are varying probabilities of syncopal episodes in different hemodynamic types of VVS, and there is a lack of research to assess the comparative risk of syncope in children with different hemodynamic types of VVS. WHAT IS NEW • The probability in presence of syncopal symptoms varies greatly between different hemodynamic types of VVS. • VVS-CI and VVS-M had a 203% and 175% increased risk in presence of syncopal symptoms compared with VVS-VI, respectively.