Multiple Roles of Glycerate Kinase-From Photorespiration to Gluconeogenesis, C4 Metabolism, and Plant Immunity.
Int J Mol Sci
; 25(6)2024 Mar 13.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38542231
ABSTRACT
Plant glycerate kinase (GK) was previously considered an exclusively chloroplastic enzyme of the glycolate pathway (photorespiration), and its sole predicted role was to return most of the glycolate-derived carbon (as glycerate) to the Calvin cycle. However, recent discovery of cytosolic GK revealed metabolic links for glycerate to other processes. Although GK was initially proposed as being solely regulated by substrate availability, subsequent discoveries of its redox regulation and the light involvement in the production of chloroplastic and cytosolic GK isoforms have indicated a more refined regulation of the pathways of glycerate conversion. Here, we re-evaluate the importance of GK and emphasize its multifaceted role in plants. Thus, GK can be a major player in several branches of primary metabolism, including the glycolate pathway, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and C4 metabolism. In addition, recently, the chloroplastic (but not cytosolic) GK isoform was implicated as part of a light-dependent plant immune response to pathogen attack. The origins of glycerate are also discussed here; it is produced in several cell compartments and undergoes huge fluctuations depending on light/dark conditions. The recent discovery of the vacuolar glycerate transporter adds yet another layer to our understanding of glycerate transport/metabolism and that of other two- and three-carbon metabolites.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Photosynthesis
/
Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
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Gluconeogenesis
Language:
En
Journal:
Int J Mol Sci
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country: