Brain metastasis in breast cancer: focus on genes and signaling pathways involved, bloodbrain barrier and treatment strategies
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print)
; 25(5): 1218-1241, mayo 2023. ilus
Article
de En
| IBECS
| ID: ibc-219508
Bibliothèque responsable:
ES1.1
Localisation: ES15.1 - BNCS
ABSTRACT
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in women. Despite advancement in early detection and efficient treatment, recurrence and metastasis continue to pose a significant risk to the life of BC patients. Brain metastasis (BM) reported in 1720 percent of BC patients is considered as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in these patients. BM includes various steps from primary breast tumor to secondary tumor formation. Various steps involved are primary tumor formation, angiogenesis, invasion, extravasation, and brain colonization. Genes involved in different pathways have been reported to be associated with BC cells metastasizing to the brain. ADAM8 gene, EN1 transcription factor, WNT, and VEGF signaling pathway have been associated with primary breast tumor; MMP1, COX2, XCR4, PI3k/Akt, ERK and MAPK pathways in angiogenesis; Noth, CD44, Zo-1, CEMIP, S0X2 and OLIG2 are involved in invasion, extravasation and colonization, respectively. In addition, the bloodbrain barrier is also a key factor in BM. Dysregulation of cell junctions, tumor microenvironment and loss of function of microglia leads to BBB disruption ultimately resulting in BM. Various therapeutic strategies are currently used to control the BM in BC. Oncolytic virus therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, mTOR-PI3k inhibitors and immunotherapy have been developed to target various genes involved in BM in BC. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR/Cas9 are novel interventions in the field of BCBM where research to validate these and clinical trials are being carried out. Gaining a better knowledge of metastasis biology is critical for establishing better treatment methods and attaining long-term therapeutic efficacies against BC. The current review has been compiled with an aim to evaluate the role of various genes and signaling pathways involved in multiple steps of BM in BC(AU)
Mots clés
Recherche sur Google
Collection:
06-national
/
ES
Base de données:
IBECS
Sujet principal:
Tumeurs du cerveau
/
Tumeurs du sein
Limites:
Female
/
Humans
Langue:
En
Journal:
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print)
Année:
2023
Type de document:
Article