Slowing the spread of human immunodeficiency virus in developing countries.

ABSTRACT

PIP This article assesses the current status of the AIDS epidemic and discusses interventions and policies needed to control the spread of the disease. The authors explain that the lack of effective therapies and vaccines makes changing human behavior and introducing preventive measures all the more crucial. In some areas of sub-Saharan Africa, the epidemic has reached alarming proportions, with up to 1/10 to 1/3 of all sexually active adults carrying the AIDS virus. Epidemiological studies indicate that throughout Africa, the doubling time of the disease is 1-5 years, the female prostitutes constitute one of the main transmission routes, and the condom use does slow the transmission of HIV. Mathematical model reveal the benefits of early intervention strategies aimed at high-risk groups, and highlight the need to alter the sexual contact patterns between high-risk and low-risk groups. Some of the intervention strategies suggested by the article include implementing HIV and AIDs education programs; encouraging fewer sexual partners and more safe-sex practices; reinforcing messages through multiple communications channels; promoting condom distribution, improving diagnosis and treatment programs; and improving drug abuse treatment programs and access to clean needles. The authors discuss the cost, time factors, bureaucratic obstacles, and effectiveness of these measures. Concerning policy, the authors list some of the issues that need to be addressed. These include the need to focus resources according to the prevalence of HIV; the need for multiple intervention strategies; the need for early and well-funded programs; the need to take into consideration the impact of population growth on the spread of the virus; and the need to care for AIDS-stricken patients.^ieng