Sex and gender differences in developmental programming of metabolism.
Mol Metab
; 15: 8-19, 2018 09.
Article
de En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29773464
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The early life environment experienced by an individual in utero and during the neonatal period is a major factor in shaping later life disease risk-including susceptibility to develop obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of metabolic disease is different between males and females. How the early life environment may underlie these sex differences is an area of active investigation. SCOPE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of how the early life environment influences metabolic disease risk in a sex specific manner. We also discuss the possible mechanisms responsible for mediating these sexually dimorphic effects and highlight the results of recent intervention studies in animal models. MAJORCONCLUSIONS:
Exposure to states of both under- and over-nutrition during early life predisposes both sexes to develop metabolic disease. Females seem particularly susceptible to develop increased adiposity and disrupted glucose homeostasis as a result of exposure to in utero undernutrition or high sugar environments, respectively. The male placenta is particularly vulnerable to damage by adverse nutritional states and this may underlie some of the metabolic phenotypes observed in adulthood. More studies investigating both sexes are needed to understand how changes to the early life environment impact differently on the long-term health of male and female individuals.Mots clés
Texte intégral:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Base de données:
MEDLINE
Sujet principal:
Caractères sexuels
/
Développement embryonnaire
/
Métabolisme énergétique
/
Maladies métaboliques
Type d'étude:
Prognostic_studies
Aspects:
Determinantes_sociais_saude
Limites:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Langue:
En
Journal:
Mol Metab
Année:
2018
Type de document:
Article
Pays d'affiliation:
Royaume-Uni