Human surveillance and phylogeny of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) during an outbreak in poultry in South Africa, 2017.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
; 14(3): 266-273, 2020 05.
Article
de En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32058677
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
In June 2017, an outbreak of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) was detected in commercial poultry farms in South Africa, which rapidly spread to all nine South African provinces.OBJECTIVES:
We conducted active surveillance for the transmission of influenza A(H5N8) to humans working with infected birds during the South African outbreak.METHODS:
Influenza A(H5N8)-positive veterinary specimens were used to evaluate the ability of real-time PCR-based assays to detect contemporary avian influenza A(H5N8) strains. Whole genome sequences were generated from these specimens by next-generation sequencing for phylogenetic characterization and screening for mammalian-adaptive mutations.RESULTS:
Human respiratory samples from 74 individuals meeting our case definition, all tested negative for avian influenza A(H5) by real-time PCR, but 2 (3%) were positive for human influenza A(H3N2). 54% (40/74) reported wearing personal protective equipment including overalls, boots, gloves, masks, and goggles. 94% (59/63) of veterinary specimens positive for H5N8 were detected on an influenza A(H5) assay for human diagnostics. A commercial H5N8 assay detected H5 in only 6% (3/48) and N8 in 92% (44/48). Thirteen (13/25; 52%) A(H5N8) genomes generated from veterinary specimens clustered in a single monophyletic clade. These sequences contained the NS (P42S) and PB2 (L89V) mutations noted as markers of mammalian adaptation.CONCLUSIONS:
Diagnostic assays were able to detect and characterize influenza A(H5N8) viruses, but poor performance is reported for a commercial assay. Absence of influenza A(H5N8) in humans with occupational exposure and no clear impression of molecular adaptation for mammalian infection suggest that this avian pathogen continues to be low-risk human pathogen.Mots clés
Texte intégral:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Base de données:
MEDLINE
Sujet principal:
Maladies de la volaille
/
Grippe humaine
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Sous-type H5N8 du virus de la grippe A
/
Grippe chez les oiseaux
Type d'étude:
Screening_studies
Limites:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Animals
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Pays/Région comme sujet:
Africa
Langue:
En
Journal:
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
Sujet du journal:
VIROLOGIA
Année:
2020
Type de document:
Article
Pays d'affiliation:
République d'Afrique du Sud