TGFß2 and TGFß3 mediate appropriate context-dependent phenotype of rat valvular interstitial cells.

ABSTRACT

This study focused on characterizing the potential mechanism of valvular toxicity caused by TGFß receptor inhibitors (TGFßRis) using rat valvular interstitial cells (VICs) to evaluate early biological responses to TGFßR inhibition. Three TGFßRis that achieved similar exposures in the rat were assessed. Two dual TGFßRI/-RII inhibitors caused valvulopathy, whereas a selective TGFßRI inhibitor did not, leading to a hypothesis that TGFß receptor selectivity may influence the potency of valvular toxicity. The dual valvular toxic inhibitors had the most profound effect on altering VIC phenotype including altered morphology, migration, and extracellular matrix production. Reduction of TGFß expression demonstrated that combined TGFß2/ß3 inhibition by small interfering RNA or neutralizing antibodies caused similar alterations as TGFßRis. Inhibition of TGFß3 transcription was only associated with the dual TGFßRis, suggesting that TGFßRII inhibition impacts TGFß3 transcriptional regulation, and that the potency of valvular toxicity may relate to alteration of TGFß2/ß3-mediated processes involved in maintaining proper balance of VIC phenotypes in the heart valve.