Astrocytic contribution to glutamate-related central respiratory chemoreception in vertebrates.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol
; 294: 103744, 2021 12.
Article
de En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34302992
ABSTRACT
Central respiratory chemoreceptors play a key role in the respiratory homeostasis by sensing CO2 and H+ in brain and activating the respiratory neural network. This ability of specific brain regions to respond to acidosis and hypercapnia is based on neuronal and glial mechanisms. Several decades ago, glutamatergic transmission was proposed to be involved as a main mechanism in central chemoreception. However, a complete identification of mechanism has been elusive. At the rostral medulla, chemosensitive neurons of the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) are glutamatergic and they are stimulated by ATP released by RTN astrocytes in response to hypercapnia. In addition, recent findings show that caudal medullary astrocytes in brainstem can also contribute as CO2 and H+ sensors that release D-serine and glutamate, both gliotransmitters able to activate the respiratory neural network. In this review, we describe the mammalian astrocytic glutamatergic contribution to the central respiratory chemoreception trying to trace in vertebrates the emergence of several components involved in this process.
Mots clés
Texte intégral:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Base de données:
MEDLINE
Sujet principal:
Centre respiratoire
/
Moelle allongée
/
Cellules chimioréceptrices
/
Astrocytes
/
Récepteurs du N-méthyl-D-aspartate
/
Acide glutamique
/
Évolution biologique
/
Récepteurs ionotropes du glutamate
Type d'étude:
Prognostic_studies
Limites:
Animals
Langue:
En
Journal:
Respir Physiol Neurobiol
Année:
2021
Type de document:
Article
Pays d'affiliation:
Chili