A pan-metazoan concept for adult stem cells: the wobbling Penrose landscape.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc
; 97(1): 299-325, 2022 02.
Article
de En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34617397
ABSTRACT
Adult stem cells (ASCs) in vertebrates and model invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster) are typically long-lived, lineage-restricted, clonogenic and quiescent cells with somatic descendants and tissue/organ-restricted activities. Such ASCs are mostly rare, morphologically undifferentiated, and undergo asymmetric cell division. Characterized by 'stemness' gene expression, they can regulate tissue/organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration. By contrast, analysis of other animal phyla shows that ASCs emerge at different life stages, present both differentiated and undifferentiated phenotypes, and may possess amoeboid movement. Usually pluri/totipotent, they may express germ-cell markers, but often lack germ-line sequestering, and typically do not reside in discrete niches. ASCs may constitute up to 40% of animal cells, and participate in a range of biological phenomena, from whole-body regeneration, dormancy, and agametic asexual reproduction, to indeterminate growth. They are considered legitimate units of selection. Conceptualizing this divergence, we present an alternative stemness metaphor to the Waddington landscape the 'wobbling Penrose' landscape. Here, totipotent ASCs adopt ascending/descending courses of an 'Escherian stairwell', in a lifelong totipotency pathway. ASCs may also travel along lower stemness echelons to reach fully differentiated states. However, from any starting state, cells can change their stemness status, underscoring their dynamic cellular potencies. Thus, vertebrate ASCs may reflect just one metazoan ASC archetype.
Mots clés
Texte intégral:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Base de données:
MEDLINE
Sujet principal:
Drosophila melanogaster
/
Cellules souches adultes
Limites:
Animals
Langue:
En
Journal:
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc
Année:
2022
Type de document:
Article
Pays d'affiliation:
Israël