Household water use and greywater management in Khulna city, Bangladesh.
Int J Hyg Environ Health
; 259: 114376, 2024 Jun.
Article
de En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38569415
ABSTRACT
While substantial progress has been made in improving water and sanitation services in low- and middle-income countries, aligned basic services such as greywater, stormwater, and solid waste management have progressed little in recent decades. Data was collected in Khulna city, Bangladesh via a household survey (n = 192) of low-income areas exploring domestic water use and greywater volumes, characteristics, and disposal practices. Most households (71%) use a piped water supply for domestic purposes, supplemented by seasonal rainwater harvesting (26%) and greywater use (13%). Of the total water used by households (mean 594 L/household/day and equivalent to 116 L/person/day), approximately 58% becomes greywater through bathing, dishwashing, religious practices, handwashing, laundry, and mopping. Greywater produced ranges from 61-1274 L/household/day, with a mean of 345 L/household/day and equivalent to 78.4 L/person/day. Greywater characteristics vary depending on the activity, individual behaviours and any products used during cooking, bathing, or cleaning. After generation, households dispose greywater to open drains (67%), nearby waterbodies (17%) directly to the ground (9%), or decentralised wastewater treatment system (7%). Without services for greywater management, greywater disposal may have considerable public and environmental health implications, necessitating careful attention and oversight from service-providers and stakeholders beyond the household-level.
Mots clés
Texte intégral:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Base de données:
MEDLINE
Sujet principal:
Alimentation en eau
/
Caractéristiques familiales
/
Eaux usées
/
Préservation des ressources en eau
Limites:
Humans
Pays/Région comme sujet:
Asia
Langue:
En
Journal:
Int J Hyg Environ Health
/
Int. j. hyg. environ. health
/
International journal of hygiene and environmental health
Sujet du journal:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
/
SAUDE PUBLICA
Année:
2024
Type de document:
Article
Pays de publication:
Allemagne