Novel Dual COX-2/5-LOX Inhibitory Activity by Chalcone Derivatives: A Safe and Efficacious Anti-Inflammatory Agent.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases are chronic systemic inflammation in humans that occurs because of enhanced inflammatory mediators of the arachidonic acid cas-cade. We aimed to explore whether the lead chalcone compounds could exhibit anti-inflam-matory activity via dual blockage of COX-2/5-LOX enzymes and their regulatory mechanism. METHODS: RAW 264.7 macrophages were collected from NCC, Pune, for in-vitro experiments. The IC50 values of chalcone compounds C45 and C64 were calculated. RAW 264.7 macro-phages were treated with C45 and C64 (10%, 5%, 2.5%, 0.125%, and 0.0625% concentration). The cell viability was carried out with an MTT assay. The COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX, PGE2, and LTB4 levels were detected by ELISA-based kits. The in-vivo evaluation was carried out in Male Wistar rats (250-300 g, 7-8 weeks old) with acute and chronic anti-inflammatory models and histopathological studies on the stomach, liver, and kidney. RESULTS: The present study described the in-vitro and in-vivo biological evaluation of dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors in chalcone derivatives (C45 and C64) compounds showed the most effective COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibition with IC50 values 0.092 and 0.136µM respectively. Simultaneously, compound C64 showed comparable selectivity towards COX-2 with a Selec-tivity Index (SI) of 68.43 compared to etoricoxib, with an SI of 89.32. In-vivo carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema activity, the compound C64 showed a significant reduction in oedema with 78.28% compared to indomethacin with 88.07% inhibition. Furthermore, cotton pellet-induced granuloma activity revealed that compound C64 significantly reduced 32.85% com-pared with standard 40.13% granuloma inhibition. CONCLUSION: The chalcone compound C64, (E)-1-(4-Amino-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-tri-methoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one was proved to be a potent and novel Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitor with improved gastric safety profiling.