Features of Importance in Nasal Endoscopy: Deriving a Meaningful Framework.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Critical components of the nasal endoscopic examination have not been definitively established for either the normal examination or for clinical disorders. This study aimed to identify concordance among rhinologists regarding the importance of examination findings for various nasal pathologies. STUDY DESIGN: A consortium of 19 expert rhinologists across the United States was asked to rank the importance of findings on nasal endoscopy for 5 different sinonasal symptom presentations. SETTING: An online questionnaire was distributed in July 2023. METHODS: The questionnaire utilized JotForm® software and featured 5 cases with a set of 4 identical questions per case, each covering a common indication for nasal endoscopy. Rankings were synthesized into Normalized Attention Scores (NASs) and Weighted Normalized Attention Scores (W-NASs) to represent the perceived importance of each feature, scaled from 0 to 1. RESULTS: General concordance was found for examination findings on nasal endoscopy within each case. The perceived features of importance differed between cases based on clinical presentation. For instance, in evaluating postnasal drip, the middle meatus was selected as the most important structure to examine (NAS, 0.73), with mucus selected as the most important abnormal finding (W-NAS, 0.66). The primary feature of interest for mucus was whether it was purulent or not (W-NAS, 0.67). Similar analyses were performed for features in each case. CONCLUSION: The implicit framework existing among rhinologists may help standardize examinations and improve diagnostic accuracy, augment the instruction of trainees, and inform the development of artificially intelligent algorithms to enhance clinical decision-making during nasal endoscopy.