Plastic bronchitis linked to human bocavirus 1 identified through high-throughput next-generation sequencing: A case report.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Plastic bronchitis (PB) is an uncommon and severe acute respiratory ailment characterized by the formation of casts in the trachea or bronchial tree. Some instances have been linked to human bocavirus (HBoV) infections. CASE PRESENTATION In this report, we present a case of PB secondary to HBoV1 infection in a previously healthy pediatric patient. A 17-month-old male was admitted due to respiratory distress following 2 days of cough and fever. A preadmission chest X-ray revealed atelectasis of the left lung. Emergency electronic bronchoscopy and foreign body forceps were employed to remove casts, leading to improved breathing. High-throughput next-generation sequencing detected only HBoV1. A subsequent electronic bronchoscopy 2 days later showed no casts. CONCLUSIONS: PB associated with HBoV1 infection should be considered in children experiencing acute respiratory distress, and a second bronchoscopy intervention may not be necessary in cases related to HBoV1.