Genotoxicity of the natural cercaricides "sucupira" oil and eremanthine in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo.

ABSTRACT

"Sucupira" oil and the lactone eremanthine, extracted from Pterodon pubescens and Eremanthus elaeagnus, respectively, are known for their cercaricidal action in experimental animals. Because of their biological effect, they have the potential to be used for the prophylaxis of schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. To test the clastogenicity of these agents, "sucupira" oil, either pure or diluted in corn oil, was tested in vivo on Wistar rat bone marrow cells following dermal application. Metaphase analysis showed that the compound did not induce a significant increase in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations. When eremanthine was tested on BALB/c mice following gavage at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg bw, it did not induce structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations. In the in vitro treatment of human lymphocyte cultures, eremanthine also did not cause any increase in chromosomal aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges at the following concentrations in culture medium 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 micrograms/ml. From these results, under our experimental conditions, neither "sucupira" oil nor eremanthine showed clastogenic effects on mammalian cells in vivo or in vitro.