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Anti-HIV and immunomodulation activities of cacao mass lignin-carbohydrate complex.
Sakagami, Hiroshi; Kawano, Michiyo; Thet, May Maw; Hashimoto, Ken; Satoh, Kazue; Kanamoto, Taisei; Terakubo, Shigemi; Nakashima, Hideki; Haishima, Yuji; Maeda, Yuuichi; Sakurai, Koji.
Affiliation
  • Sakagami H; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan. sakagami@dent.meikai.ac.jp
In Vivo ; 25(2): 229-36, 2011.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21471539
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Recently, a prominent antiviral and macrophage stimulatory activity of cacao lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) has been reported. However, the solubility and sterility of LCC have not been considered yet. In the present study, complete solubilisation and sterilisation was achieved by autoclaving under mild alkaline conditions and the previously reported biological activities were re-examined. MATERIALS AND

METHODS:

LCCs were obtained by 1% NaOH extraction and acid precipitation, and a repeated extraction-precipitation cycle. Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine productions were assayed by the Griess method and ELISA, respectively. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical-scavenging activity was determined by ESR spectroscopy.

RESULTS:

Cacao mass LCC showed reproducibly higher anti-HIV activity than cacao husk LCC. Cacao mass LCC, up to 62.5 µg/ml, did not stimulate mouse macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7 and J774.1) to produce NO, nor did it induce iNOS protein, in contrast to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cacao mass LCC and LPS synergistically stimulated iNOS protein expression, suggesting a different point of action. Cacao mass LCC induced tumour necrosis factor-α production markedly less than LPS, and did not induce interleukin-1ß, interferon-α or interferon-γ. ESR spectroscopy showed that cacao mass LCC, but not LPS, scavenged NO produced from NOC-7.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrated several new biological activities of LCCs distinct from LPS and further confirmed the promising antiviral and immunomodulating activities of LCCs.
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Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cacao / Carbohydrates / Plant Extracts / Anti-HIV Agents / Immunologic Factors / Lignin Limits: Animals / Humans Language: En Journal: In Vivo Journal subject: NEOPLASIAS Year: 2011 Document type: Article Affiliation country:
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Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Cacao / Carbohydrates / Plant Extracts / Anti-HIV Agents / Immunologic Factors / Lignin Limits: Animals / Humans Language: En Journal: In Vivo Journal subject: NEOPLASIAS Year: 2011 Document type: Article Affiliation country: