Anti-HIV and immunomodulation activities of cacao mass lignin-carbohydrate complex.
In Vivo
; 25(2): 229-36, 2011.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-21471539
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Recently, a prominent antiviral and macrophage stimulatory activity of cacao lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) has been reported. However, the solubility and sterility of LCC have not been considered yet. In the present study, complete solubilisation and sterilisation was achieved by autoclaving under mild alkaline conditions and the previously reported biological activities were re-examined. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS:
LCCs were obtained by 1% NaOH extraction and acid precipitation, and a repeated extraction-precipitation cycle. Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine productions were assayed by the Griess method and ELISA, respectively. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical-scavenging activity was determined by ESR spectroscopy.RESULTS:
Cacao mass LCC showed reproducibly higher anti-HIV activity than cacao husk LCC. Cacao mass LCC, up to 62.5 µg/ml, did not stimulate mouse macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7 and J774.1) to produce NO, nor did it induce iNOS protein, in contrast to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cacao mass LCC and LPS synergistically stimulated iNOS protein expression, suggesting a different point of action. Cacao mass LCC induced tumour necrosis factor-α production markedly less than LPS, and did not induce interleukin-1ß, interferon-α or interferon-γ. ESR spectroscopy showed that cacao mass LCC, but not LPS, scavenged NO produced from NOC-7.CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrated several new biological activities of LCCs distinct from LPS and further confirmed the promising antiviral and immunomodulating activities of LCCs.
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Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Cacao
/
Carbohydrates
/
Plant Extracts
/
Anti-HIV Agents
/
Immunologic Factors
/
Lignin
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
In Vivo
Journal subject:
NEOPLASIAS
Year:
2011
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country: