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Lessons from an outbreak of metallo-ß-lactamase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca in an intensive care unit: the importance of time at risk and combination therapy.
Vergara-López, S; Domínguez, M C; Conejo, M C; Pascual, Á; Rodríguez-Baño, J.
Affiliation
  • Vergara-López S; Internal Medicine Service, Hospital La Merced, Osuna, Seville, Spain. Electronic address: vergara_lopez@hotmail.com.
  • Domínguez MC; Laboratory of Microbiology, Hospital La Merced, Osuna, Seville, Spain.
  • Conejo MC; Department of Microbiology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
  • Pascual Á; Department of Microbiology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.
  • Rodríguez-Baño J; Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
J Hosp Infect ; 89(2): 123-31, 2015 Feb.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25595832
BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of nosocomial infection due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), mostly Klebsiella spp., have become a worldwide phenomenon. AIM: To investigate the risk factors for the acquisition of clonal multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca (MDRKO) producing the metallo-ß-lactamase IMP-8 and hyperproducing chromosomal OXY-2 ß-lactamase during a well-characterized outbreak, and to describe the clinical features of infections due to MDRKO. METHODS: A four-wave outbreak due to MDRKO occurred in the intensive care unit of a Spanish hospital between 2009 and 2011. The risk factors for acquisition of MDRKO during waves 1 and 2 (in which colonized patients served as the main reservoir for the epidemic strain) were analysed using a case-control study by Cox regression and logistic regression analysis. Clinical data and treatments of patients infected with MDRKO were also analysed. FINDINGS: For the study of risk factors, 26 cases and 45 controls were studied. None of the variables studied in the Cox regression analysis showed an association with MDRKO acquisition; time at risk was the only associated variable by logistic regression analysis. Colonization pressure was not associated with earlier acquisition. Overall, 14 patients were infected with MDRKO; ventilator-associated pneumonia (seven patients) was the most frequent type of infection. Monotherapy tended to be associated with higher mortality than combination therapy [60% (3/5) vs 16.6% (1/6); P = 0.07]. CONCLUSIONS: Time at risk was the most significant risk determinant for the acquisition of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in this epidemiological context and should be included in any study of risk factors for the acquisition of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Combination therapy may be superior to monotherapy for the treatment of CRE infections.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Klebsiella Infections / Cross Infection / Klebsiella oxytoca / Anti-Bacterial Agents Type of study: Etiology_studies / Observational_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limits: Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: En Journal: J Hosp Infect Year: 2015 Document type: Article Country of publication:

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Klebsiella Infections / Cross Infection / Klebsiella oxytoca / Anti-Bacterial Agents Type of study: Etiology_studies / Observational_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limits: Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: En Journal: J Hosp Infect Year: 2015 Document type: Article Country of publication: