Toxoplasma gondii Serointensity and Seropositivity: Heritability and Household-Related Associations in the Old Order Amish.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
; 16(19)2019 10 03.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-31623376
ABSTRACT
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular parasite infecting one third of the world's population. Latent T. gondii infection has been associated with mental illness, including schizophrenia and suicidal behavior. T. gondii IgG antibody titers were measured via ELISA. The heritability of T. gondii IgG was estimated using a mixed model that included fixed effects for age and sex and random kinship effect. Of 2017 Old Order Amish participants, 1098 had positive titers (54.4%). The heritability for T. gondii serointensity was estimated to be 0.22 (p = 1.7 × 10-8 and for seropositivity, it was estimated to be 0.28 (p = 1.9 × 10-5). Shared household environmental effects (i.e., household effects) were also determined. Household effects, modeled as a random variable, were assessed as the phenotypic covariance between any two individuals who had the same current address (i.e., contemporaneous household), and nuclear household (i.e., the phenotypic covariance between parents and children only, not other siblings or spouses). Household effects did not account for a significant proportion of variance in either T. gondii serointensity or T. gondii seropositivity. Our results suggest a significant familial aggregation of T. gondii serointensity and seropositivity with significant heritability. The shared household does not contribute significantly to family aggregation with T. gondii, suggesting that there are possible unmeasured non-household shared and non-shared environmental factors that may play a significant role. Furthermore, the small but significant heritability effects justify the exploration of genetic vulnerability to T. gondii exposure, infection, virulence, and neurotropism.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Toxoplasma
/
Toxoplasmosis
/
Amish
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Adult
/
Child
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
En
Journal:
Int J Environ Res Public Health
Year:
2019
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country: