Embryologically Based Classification Specifies Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Orofacial Cleft Subphenotypes.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J
; 58(1): 54-60, 2021 01.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-32602363
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
A recently published validated classification system divides all orofacial cleft (OFC) subphenotypes into groups based on underlying developmental mechanisms, that is, fusion and differentiation, and their timing, that is, early and late periods, in embryogenesis of the primary and secondary palates.AIMS:
The aim of our study was to define gender differences in prevalence for all subphenotypes in newborns with OFC in the Netherlands.METHODS:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on children with OFC born from 2006 to 2016. Clefts were classified in early (E-), late (L-), and early/late (EL-) embryonic periods, in primary (P-), secondary (S-), and primary/secondary (PS-) palates, and further divided into fusion (F-), differentiation (D-), and fusion/differentiation (FD-) defects, respectively.RESULTS:
A total of 2089 OFC children were analyzed (1311 males and 778 females). Orofacial cleft subphenotypes in females occurred significantly more frequent in the L-period compared to males (66% vs 55%, P = .000), whereas clefts in males occurred significantly more in the EL-periods (40% vs 27%, P = .000). Females had significantly more S-palatal clefts (42% vs 23%, P = .000), while males had significantly more PS-palatal clefts (44% vs 30%, P = .000). Furthermore, the clefts in females were significantly more frequent the result of an F-defect (60% vs 52%, P = .000).CONCLUSIONS:
Orofacial cleft in females mainly occur in the L-period are mostly S-palatal clefts, and are usually the result of an F-defect. Orofacial cleft in males more commonly occur in the EL-periods, are therefore more often combined PS-palatal clefts, and are more frequent D- and FD-defects.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Cleft Lip
/
Cleft Palate
Type of study:
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Aspects:
Determinantes_sociais_saude
Limits:
Child
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Newborn
Country/Region as subject:
Europa
Language:
En
Journal:
Cleft Palate Craniofac J
Journal subject:
ODONTOLOGIA
Year:
2021
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country: