Following Instructions in Working Memory: Do Older Adults Show the Enactment Advantage?
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci
; 76(4): 703-710, 2021 03 14.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33254224
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
In young adults, the ability to verbally recall instructions in working memory is enhanced if the sequences are physically enacted by the participant (self-enactment) or the experimenter (demonstration) during encoding. Here we examine the effects of self-enactment and demonstration at encoding on working memory performance in older and younger adults.METHOD:
Fifty young (18-23 years) and 40 older (60-89 years) adults listened to sequences of novel action-object pairs before verbally recalling them in the correct order. There were three different encoding conditions spoken only, spoken + demonstration, and spoken + self-enactment. We included two different levels of difficulty to investigate whether task complexity moderated the effect of encoding condition and whether this differed between age groups.RESULTS:
Relative to the spoken only condition, demonstration significantly improved young and older adults' serial recall performance, but self-enactment only enhanced performance in the young adults, and this boost was smaller than the one gained through demonstration.DISCUSSION:
Our findings suggest that additional spatial-motoric information is beneficial for older adults when the actions are demonstrated to them, but not when the individual must enact the instructions themselves.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Serial Learning
/
Spatial Processing
/
Memory, Short-Term
Limits:
Adult
/
Aged
/
Female
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Humans
/
Male
Language:
En
Journal:
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci
Journal subject:
CIENCIAS SOCIAIS
/
GERIATRIA
/
PSICOLOGIA
Year:
2021
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country: