A novel multi-structural reinforced treatment on Ti implant utilizing a combination of alkali solution and bioactive glass sol.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Alkali treatment and bioactive glass (BG) sol dip-coating are well-known individual methods for titanium (Ti) surface modification. In this study, a unique combination of alkali treatment and bioactive glass sol dip coating was applied to the Ti substrate, then the mechanical properties and cell responses were investigated. METHODS: Based on the methods introduced above, the Ti substrate was treated by 6 mL of an NaOH 5 M aqueous solution for 24 h at 60 ̊C; this was followed by adding 1.2 mL of a BG 58S sol to form a novel combined nanostructure network covered by a thin BG layer. For the assessment of the formed coating layer, the morphology, elemental analysis, phase structure, adhesion property and the cell response of the untreated and treated surfaces were investigated. RESULTS: The BG coating layer was reinforced by the nanostructure, fabricated through the alkali treatment. The results obtained by applying the combined modification method confirmed that the mechanical and biological properties of the fabricated surface demonstrated the highest performance compared to that of the unmodified and individually modified surfaces. SIGNIFICANCE: The achieved upgrades for this method could be gained from the demanded porous nanostructure and the apatite transformation ability of the alkali treatment. Therefore, the hybridized application of the alkali-BG treatment could be introduced as a promising surface modification strategy for hard-tissue replacement applications.