Determination and prediction of the available energy and amino acids digestibility of full-fat soybean fed to growing pigs.

ABSTRACT

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible energy and metabolizable energy contents, as well as the apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in full-fat soybean fed to growing pigs. Ten full-fat soybean samples were collected from different areas in China and used in two experiments in this study. In Exp. 1, 66 growing pigs (initial body weight = 18.48 ± 1.2 kg) were randomly allotted to 1 of 11 diets (n = 6) including a corn basal diet and 10 experimental diets formulated by replacing the corn with 30% full-fat soybean. In Exp. 2, 11 growing pigs (initial body weight = 50.45 ± 3.2 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and arranged in a 6 × 11 Youden square design with 11 diets and 6 periods. The diets included an N-free diet based on cornstarch and sucrose and 10 experimental diets formulated with full-fat soybeans as the sole source of amino acids. Chromic oxide was added into the diets as an indigestible maker to calculate the digestibility of the amino acids. Results showed that there was considerable variation in neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and trypsin inhibitor contents in the 10 full-fat soybean samples with a coefficient of variation greater than 10%. On a dry matter basis, the averaged digestible energy and metabolizable energy values in the 10 full-fat soybean samples were 4,855 and 4,555 kcal/kg, respectively, both were positively correlated with the ether extract content. The best-fitted prediction equations for digestible energy and metabolizable energy of full-fat soybean were digestible energy, kcal/kg = 3,472 + 94.87 × ether extract - 97.63 × ash (R2 = 0.91); metabolizable energy, kcal/kg = 3,443 + 65.11 × ether extract - 36.84 × trypsin inhibitor (R2 = 0.91). In addition, all full-fat soybean samples showed high apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility values in amino acids and were all within the range of previously published values. Those values significantly varied among different samples (P < 0.05) for most amino acids, except for glycine and proline. In conclusion, full-fat soybean is a high-quality protein ingredient with high ileal digestibility of amino acids when fed to growing pigs, and the metabolizable energy value of full-fat soybean could be predicted based on its ether extract and trypsin inhibitor contents.

Full-fat soybean is an excellent protein source supplied in swine diets, especially in weaned and growing stages. However, the high price limits its utilization in practice, so it is vital to accurately evaluate the available energy and digestible amino acids contents in full-fat soybean to better formulate a least-cost diet. Ten full-fat soybean samples were collected from different areas in China, and two experiments were conducted to evaluate the energy concentration and amino acids digestibility of full-fat soybean and to establish the corresponding prediction equations. The averaged digestible and metabolizable energy of FFSB were 4,855 and 4,555 kcal/kg (dry matter basis), and the best-fitted prediction equations for digestible energy and metabolizable energy of full-fat soybean were digestible energy, kcal/kg = 3,472 + 94.87 × ether extract − 97.63 × ash; metabolizable energy, kcal/kg = 3,443 + 65.11 × ether extract − 36.84 × trypsin inhibitor. Except for glycine and proline, the digestibility of other amino acids significantly varied among 10 full-fat soybean samples but all were within the range of previously published values. In addition, all the amino acids exhibited high digestibility, indicating that full-fat soybean is a protein ingredient with high quality.