Efficient, Color-Stable, and Long-Lived White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Utilizing Phosphorescent Molecular Aggregates.

Highly efficient and stable single-stack hybrid white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) devices are developed using two emissive layers: one with amber-colored phosphorescent molecular-aggregate emission from the Pd(II) complex, Pd(II) 7-(3-(pyridine-2-yl-κN)phenoxy-κC)(benzo-κC)([c]benzo[4,5]imidazo-κN)[1,2-a][1,5]naphthyridine, Pd3O8-Py5, and the other with blue fluorescence emission. An optimized device structure achieves high color stability under various current densities, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 45.5%, a power efficiency of 97.4 Lm W-1 , and an estimated LT95 (operational time to 95% of the initial luminance) of 50 744 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2 .