Oral hygiene practice and home-care challenges in children with autism spectrum disorder in San Francisco: Cross- sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and stereotypical patterns of behavior. They are more likely to have tooth brushing issues and need help with routine dental care. Children with ASD could face difficulty in accessing dental care as the parents have a challenging task in finding a dentist that would treat the child with special needs. As a result, dental care is often neglected. The aims of this study are to evaluate oral hygiene practices and challenges in children with ASD and compare it with typically developing peers (TDP). METHOD: The sample size of the study was 60. Parents of children aged 3-10 were recruited and divided in 2 groups with 30 in each group. Age and gender of children were matched. ASD group included children with medical diagnosis of ASD only and no other co-morbidities. Children in TDP group had no diagnosis of ASD, and reported no disability, or any other diagnosis. Parents were asked to complete the questionnaire which asked about their demographic information, child's oral care regimens, and their knowledge about dental care. Chi-squared tests and t-test were used for statistical analysis. A p-value of .05 was used for determining statistical significance. RESULTS: Many children with ASD (47%) had to travel more than 20 miles for their dental home compared to 13% with TDP (p < .05). Only 60% of children with ASD brushed twice a day with 70% of parents reporting that it is difficult to brush their child's teeth compared to TDP with 93% of children brush twice daily (p < .05). Significantly a smaller number of children with ASD (47%) allowed their parent to brush their teeth as compared to 93% of TSD children (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder travel longer distance to find a dental home and face more difficulty in maintaining their child's daily oral hygiene.