Antemortem cytologic diagnosis of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a cat.
Vet Clin Pathol
; 52(4): 691-697, 2023 Dec.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37914537
ABSTRACT
Feline pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (FPLCH) is a rare histiocytic proliferative disease of middle-aged to older domestic cats. Langerhans cells in the terminal airways proliferate and infiltrate the interstitium and the airways to a lesser degree, widely effacing normal parenchyma. Historically, definitive diagnosis has required postmortem evaluation where pulmonary lesions have a classic gross and histologic morphology. Here, we present the first documented antemortem diagnosis of FPLCH using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology and immunocytochemistry (ICC) in a 9-year-old British shorthair mix. The cat had a 3-month history of respiratory difficulty that was refractory to steroids and antimicrobials. Pulmonary radiographs had marked diffuse changes with a complex bronchointerstitial and micronodular pattern. BAL cytology revealed neutrophilic inflammation and markedly increased histiocytes with morphology distinct from typical pulmonary macrophages. ICC characterized histiocytes as CD1a+ /E-cadherin+ /CD11b- /PanCK- , consistent with a Langerhans cell phenotype. The cat was humanely euthanized due to poor prognosis and presented for necropsy. Gross, histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural findings confirmed a diagnosis of FPLCH. Proliferative cells were E-cadherin+ /Iba-1+ /CD18+ /CD1a+ /CD5+ /MHCII+ /CD204- /CD4- ; transmission electron microscopy identified the presence of Birbeck granules in the proliferating histiocytes, consistent with previous reports of FPLCH.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Cat Diseases
/
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell
/
Hematologic Neoplasms
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
Vet Clin Pathol
Journal subject:
MEDICINA VETERINARIA
/
PATOLOGIA
Year:
2023
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country: