Endotoxin biomarkers, hepatic fat fraction, liver volume and liver stiffness among adolescents at high-risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The HEROES study.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise among youth. Identifying biomarkers of NAFLD progression/risk can aid in prevention efforts. AIMS: This pilot study investigated associations of two endotoxin biomarkers-lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and anti-endotoxin core immunoglobulin G (EndoCab)-with markers of NAFLD among 99 Latino/Latina adolescents (11-19 years) with obesity. MATERIALS & METHODS: We used linear regression to examine associations of each endotoxin biomarker (per 1-SD) with hepatic fat fraction (HFF), liver volume, and liver stiffness. RESULTS: We found positive associations of LBP with HFF and liver volume. Each 1-SD increment in LBP corresponded with 2.35% (95% CI: 0.46%, 4.23%) higher HFF and 0.14 (0.06, 0.23) L greater liver volume after adjusting for age, sex, and maternal education. Accounting for abdominal adiposity and Tanner stage did not change results. Excluding 72 participants with NAFLD attenuated associations of LBP with HFF but associations with liver volume persisted (0.11 [0.01, 0.21] L). EndoCab was not associated with any liver outcomes. Neither endotoxin biomarker predicted liver stiffness. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: While additional research is warranted, our results support LBP as a biomarker of NAFLD risk/progression in high-risk youth.