Persistence of antibodies 5 years after hepatitis B vaccination in preterm birth children: A retrospective cohort study using real-world data.
J Viral Hepat
; 31(3): 143-150, 2024 03.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38235846
ABSTRACT
Previous studies did not provide substantial evidence for long-term immune persistence after the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) in preterm birth (PTB) children. Consequently, there is ongoing controversy surrounding the booster immunization strategy for these children. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the disparities in immune persistence between PTB children and full-term children. A total of 1027 participants were enrolled in this study, including 505 PTB children in the exposure group and 522 full-term children in the control group. The negative rate of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) in the PTB group was significantly lower than that in the control group (47.9% vs. 41.4%, p = .035). The risk of HBsAb-negative in the exposure group was 1.5 times higher than that in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.0). The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of HBsAb was much lower for participants in the exposure group compared to participants in the control group (9.3 vs. 12.4 mIU/mL, p = .029). Subgroup analysis showed that the very preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks) and the preterm low birth weight infants (birth weight <2000 g) had relatively low GMC levels of 3.2 mIU/mL (95% CI 0.9-11.1) and 7.9 mIU/mL (95% CI 4.2-14.8), respectively. Our findings demonstrated that PTB had a significant impact on the long-term persistence of HBsAb after HepB vaccination. The very preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks) and the preterm low birth weight infants (birth weight <2000 g) may be special populations that should be given priority for HepB booster vaccination.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Phenylbutyrates
/
Premature Birth
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Hepatitis B
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
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Observational_studies
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Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Child
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Female
/
Humans
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Infant
/
Newborn
Language:
En
Journal:
J Viral Hepat
/
J. viral hepat
/
Journal of viral hepatitis
Journal subject:
GASTROENTEROLOGIA
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Country of publication: