Refining glaucoma diagnosis and treatment in cataract surgery candidates: contribution of preoperative OCT retinal nerve fiber layer.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical significance of preoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in identifying glaucoma and better managing patients scheduled for routine cataract surgery. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Consecutive patients scheduled for cataract surgery were enrolled from February 2022 to August 2022. Participants underwent routine OCT RNFL studies which were evaluated by a glaucoma specialist. Findings were compared with those of preoperative fundus biomicroscopic examinations conducted by the referring ophthalmologist. The main outcomes were the incidence of newly detected glaucoma based on OCT RNFL findings and the consequent changes in patient management. RESULTS: In total, 486 patients met the inclusion criteria of whom 112 (23%) had abnormal RNFL. 31 patients (6.4%) had abnormal OCT RNFL findings attributed to comorbidities other than glaucoma, and 81 patients (16.7%) were suspected to have glaucoma based on their OCT RNFL findings, from which 44 patients (9%) were newly diagnosed with glaucoma or as glaucoma suspects, resulting in management modifications that included routine glaucoma follow-up (25 patients, 5.1%), initiation of intraocular pressure-lowering treatment (12 patients, 2.5%), and conversion to combined cataract-glaucoma surgery (7 patients, 1.4%). CONCLUSIONS: OCT RNFL for cataract surgery candidates proved valuable in detecting glaucoma that had not been revealed by standard fundus biomicroscopic examination. The additional information provided by OCT RNFL can potentially enhance patient management and optimize outcomes.