Immune landscape and progress in immunotherapy for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.
Cancer Lett
; 592: 216908, 2024 Jun 28.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38677640
ABSTRACT
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (pitNETs) are the second most common primary brain tumors. Despite their prevalence, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its clinical implications remain largely unexplored. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the immune landscape and advancements in targeted immunotherapy for pitNETs. Macrophages and T cells are principal immune infiltrates within the TIME. Different subtypes of pitNETs display distinct immune patterns, influencing tumor progressive behaviors. PD-L1, the most extensively studied immune checkpoint, is prominently expressed in hormonal pitNETs and correlates with tumor growth and invasion. Cytokines and chemokines including interleukins, CCLs, and CXCLs have complex correlations with tumor subtypes and immune cell infiltration. Crosstalk between macrophages and pitNET cells highlights bidirectional regulatory roles, suggesting potential macrophage-targeted strategies. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy in a mouse model of corticotroph pitNET. Moreover, anti-PD-1 and/or anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy has been applied globally in 28 cases of refractory pitNETs, showing more favorable responses in pituitary carcinomas than aggressive pitNETs. In conclusion, the TIME of pitNETs represents a promising avenue for targeted immunotherapy and warrants further investigation.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Pituitary Neoplasms
/
Neuroendocrine Tumors
/
Tumor Microenvironment
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Immunotherapy
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Cancer Lett
/
Cancer lett
/
Cancer letters
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Country of publication: