A comprehensive analysis of GAS2 family members identifies that GAS2L1 is a novel biomarker and promotes the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma.

ABSTRACT

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver cancer with a high incidence and mortality. Members of the growth-arresting-specific 2 (GAS2) family are involved in various biological processes in human malignancies. To date, there is only a limited amount of information available about the expression profile and clinical importance of GAS2 family in HCC. In this study, we found that GAS2L1 and GAS2L3 were distinctly upregulated in HCC specimens compared to non-tumor specimens. Pan-cancer assays indicated that GAS2L1 and GAS2L3 were highly expressed in most cancers. The Pearson's correlation revealed that the expressions of GAS2, GAS2L1 and GAS2L2 were negatively associated with methylation levels. Survival assays indicated that GAS2L1 and GAS2L3 were independent prognostic factors for HCC patients. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that GAS2, GAS2L1 and GAS2L3 were associated with several immune cells. Finally, we confirmed that GAS2L1 was highly expressed in HCC cells and its knockdown suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells. Taken together, our findings suggested the expression patterns and prognostic values of GAS2 members in HCC, providing insights for further study of the GAS2 family as sensitive diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC.