Negative biopsy histology in men with PI-RADS score 5: is it useful PSMA PET/CT evaluation?

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the accuracy of PSMA PET/CT in men with mpMRI PI-RADS score 5 negative biopsy histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2011 to January 2023, 180 men with PI-RADS score 5 underwent systematic plus mpMRI/TRUS biopsy; 25/180 (13.9%) patients had absence of cancer and six months from biopsy were submitted to digital rectal examination, PSA and PSA density exams, mpMRI and 68GaPSMA PET/CT evaluation (standardized uptake value "SUVmax" was reported). RESULTS: In 24/25 (96%) patients PSA and PSA density significantly decreased, moreover, the PI-RADS score was downgraded resulting < 3; in addition, median SUVmax was 7.5. Only 1/25 (4%) man had an increased PSA value (from 10.5 to 31 ng/ml) with a confirmed PI-RADS score 5, SUVmax of 32 and repeated prostate biopsy demonstrating a Gleason score 9/ISUP Grade Group 5 PCa. CONCLUSIONS: The strict follow up of men with PI-RADS score 5 and negative histology reduce the risk of missing csPCa especially if PSMA PET/CT evaluation is in agreement with downgrading of mpMRI (PI-RADS score < 3).