The environmental profile of a community's health: a cross-sectional study on tobacco marketing in 16 countries
Bull World Health Organ
; 93(12): 851-861G, 2015. ilus, graf
Artigo
em Inglês
| Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP
| ID: biblio-1061647
Biblioteca responsável:
BR79.1
Localização: BR79.1
ABSTRACT
To examine and compare tobacco marketing in 16 countries while the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control requires parties to implement a comprehensive ban on such marketing.METHODS:
Between 2009 and 2012, a kilometre-long walk was completed by trained investigators in 462 communities across 16 countries to collect data on tobacco marketing. We interviewed community members about their exposure to traditional and non-traditional marketing in the previous six months. To examine differences in marketing between urban and rural communities and between high-, middle- and low-income countries, we used multilevel regression models controlling for potential confounders.FINDINGS:
Compared with high-income countries, the number of tobacco advertisements observed was 81 times higher in low-income countries (incidence rate ratio, IRR 80.98; 95% confidence interval, CI 4.15-1578.42) and the number of tobacco outlets was 2.5 times higher in both low- and lower-middle-income countries (IRR 2.58; 95% CI 1.17-5.67 and IRR 2.52; CI 1.23-5.17, respectively). Of the 11,842 interviewees, 1184 (10%) reported seeing at least five types of tobacco marketing. Self-reported exposure to at least one type of traditional marketing was 10 times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries (odds ratio, OR 9.77; 95% CI 1.24-76.77). For almost all measures, marketing exposure was significantly lower in the rural communities than in the urban communities.CONCLUSION:
Despite global legislation to limit tobacco marketing, it appears ubiquitous. The frequency and type of tobacco marketing varies on the national level by income group and by community type, appearing to be greatest in low-income countries and urban communities.
Texto completo:
Disponível
Coleções:
Bases de dados nacionais
/
Brasil
Contexto em Saúde:
ODS3 - 3A Fortalecer a implementação da estrutura da Convenção da OMS para o Controle do Tabaco
Problema de saúde:
Medidas não Relacionadas ao Preço
/
Dependência e Cessação do Tabaco
Base de dados:
Sec. Est. Saúde SP
/
SESSP-IDPCPROD
Assunto principal:
Tabaco
/
Marketing
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Publicidade de Produtos Derivados do Tabaco
/
Dispositivos para o Abandono do Uso de Tabaco
Tipo de estudo:
Estudo observacional
/
Estudo de prevalência
/
Fatores de risco
Idioma:
Inglês
Revista:
Bull World Health Organ
Ano de publicação:
2015
Tipo de documento:
Artigo
Instituição/País de afiliação:
Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, North-West University/ZA
/
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences/IR
/
Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University/PK
/
Department for Health, University of Bath/GB
/
Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia/MY
/
Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera/CL
/
Department of Social Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University/PL
/
Division of Epidemiology and Population Health, St John's Medical College and Research Institute/IN
/
Dr Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College/IN
/
ECLA Foundation/AR